「词义辨析」crawl, creep, climb, cramble 的用法与区别
英语单词crawl, creep, climb和scramble都有“爬/爬行”的意思,但要区分并准确使用它们,有必要了解一下它们各自的用法和引申词义。希望以下详尽的解释和足够的举例,能有助于你的理解和使用。
creep [kri?p] vi. (crept, crept)& n.
- 爬行,指无足动物的爬行,也指人或四足动物匍匐爬行:Lizards and snakes crept over the ground. 蜥蜴和蛇爬过地面。
- 悄悄地缓慢行进,蹑手蹑脚地移动:The thief crept along the corridor. 那贼偷偷地在走廊上潜行。
- 蔓生,蔓延,指植物的蔓延生长:A slight feeling of suspicion crept over me. 我渐渐地产生了一丝疑虑。
- 不知不觉产生,渐渐出现:Insecurity might creep in. 不安全感可能会悄然而生。Mist crept in again from the sea. 薄雾从海面上弥漫过来。
- 起鸡皮疙瘩,产生毛骨悚然的感觉:I felt a chill creep over me. 我感到周身发冷。It makes my flesh creep to think of it. 想到它就会让我毛骨悚然。
- 谄媚奉承,巴结: (creep to sb)
- 作名词,除以上词条对应的词义之外,另有“讨厌鬼、讨好卖乖的人、谄媚奉承的人、马屁精”之意。
- 短语/习语:make one’s flesh creep 使某人起鸡皮疙瘩/毛骨悚然:The sight of the snake makes my flesh creep. 一看见蛇, 我就觉得毛骨悚然。give sb the creeps 吓人;使惊慌;使心里发毛;creep toward 蹑手蹑脚地移向;慢慢移向;creep into 悄悄溜进;悄悄出现;creep in 缓慢移动;悄然出现;creep up 缓慢上移;逐渐增长
- 歌词:Because a vision softly creeping… 因为有一种幻觉正向悄悄地向我袭来…… (“The Sound Of Silence”) Creepin thru the streets at night after a fuss and fight… 缓慢地穿过午夜的大街, 身上带着新添的伤痕…… (“Lonely” - Nana)
crawl [kr?:l] vi. & n.
- 爬;(昆虫) 爬行:Theres a spider crawling up your leg. 有只蜘蛛正顺着你的腿往上爬。I felt something crawl up my arm. 我感到有东西顺着我手臂往上爬。
- 匍匐行进, 主要指腹部贴着地面“爬行”的内涵:The injured soldier crawled to safety. 受伤的士兵慢慢爬向安全的地方。
- 徐徐前进,缓慢行进, 强调动作之缓慢:The traffic was crawling along. 来往车辆缓缓而行。The weeks crawled by. 几个星期慢慢地过去了。the traffic crawling at less than 20mph
- 挤满,爬满(人或动物):This place is crawling with police. 这个地方全是警察。
- 卑躬屈膝;谄媚;巴结;拍马屁: (crawl to sb, 与creep无明显区别):Shes always crawling to the boss. 她对老板总是谄媚奉承。
- 作名词,除以上词条对应的词义之外,还有“爬泳、自由泳”之意。
- 短语/习语:be crawling with sth 挤满;爬满;make your skin crawl 使人毛骨悚然;让人起鸡皮疙瘩;come/crawl out of the woodwork 突然露面;纷纷出笼
- 歌词:I’ll crawl the sandy bottom of Puget Sound. 我将爬行在普捷湾的砂粒海底。(“Hello Seattle”) My place ain’t too far,we can crawl on our knees. 我的家并不太远,我们匍匐前行。(“Happy Hew Year” – Kid Rock) But Im never gonna make it without you. Do you really wanna see me crawl? 但是如果没有你我却永远都做不到,难道你真要我祈求你吗?(“Making Love Out Of Nothing At All”)
- 注:(1) creep 可以指有足或无足的动物的“爬行”,强调悄悄或无声无息的动作;而通常只有有足的动物才crawl。所以,蛇、蜥蜴、蚯蚓、无足蜥蜴等动物的爬行,一般用creep (虽然这种情况下使用crawl的也多了起来);形容超冷液体慢慢移出容器用creep;表现一只猫蹑手蹑脚地向猎物爬去用creep。(2) 表示蛇的“爬行”,另一常用单词是 slither [?sl?e?] vi. 滑行; 蛇行; 爬行(to slip or slide like a snake):The snake slithered away as we approached. 我们一走近,蛇就爬走了。
climb [kla?m] vi./vt. & n.
- (用脚或手脚并用地) 攀登,爬,主要表达“向上”的“攀登、爬高”内涵,如:爬楼梯 climb up the stairs;爬梯子 climb a ladder;爬山 climb a mountain;爬树 climb a tree。
- 上升;增加;提高地位:The dollar has been climbing all week. 整个星期美元一直在升值。He is climbing upwards in the society. 他正爬向上层社会。The plane is climbing higher and higher. 飞机正在越飞越高。
- (吃力或笨拙地) 爬,攀登,相比于“climb”,其侧重表达“狼狈、仓促、匆忙”攀爬的内涵:The children scrambled over the rocks. 孩子们爬过岩石。We scrambled up the sand dunes on our hands and knees. 我们手脚并用地爬上了这座沙丘。
- 争抢;抢占;争夺:The audience scrambled for the exits. 观众竞相朝出口拥去。
- 艰难地(或仓促地)完成:He managed to scramble the ball into the net. 他勉力把球捅入了网窝。
- 炒(蛋):scrambled egg 炒蛋
- n. 爬,攀登; 争抢; 抢占; 争夺; 摩托车越野赛
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